Astronomers discover another galaxy seemingly devoid of dark matter

Astronomers discover another galaxy seemingly devoid of dark matter

A galaxy appears to be missing the invisible substance thought to hold these objects together, further challenging long-held assumptions about how galaxies form

NASA calls dark matter the glue that holds the universe together—but the evidence is mounting that, at least in some galaxies, dark matter isn’t so necessary. A new study led by astronomers at Yale University has identified a galaxy that appears to contain almost no dark matter at all. This is the third galaxy of its kind to be found— two other galaxies have been previously discovered devoid of the elusive adhesive.

This new galaxy, named DF9, was found lurking in the same thin chain of galaxies as the first two, although it is some 100 times dimmer. Using an instrument called the Cosmic Web Imager, researchers measured the motions of stars within the galaxy and used those motions to estimate its mass. The result suggests that this galaxy contains little, if any, dark matter.

Dark matter is notoriously difficult to detect because it doesn't interact with light. We can't see it directly, but scientists infer its presence from its gravitational effects. The process is a bit like tracking an invisible person by their footprints in the snow. Dark matter leaves “footprints” in the motions of stars and galaxies, which often move as though they contain far more mass than we can see.

If you're enjoying this article, consider supporting our award-winning journalism by subscribing . By purchasing a subscription you are helping to ensure the future of impactful stories about the discoveries and ideas shaping our world today.

That’s how dark matter was detected in the first place: Astronomers noticed that galaxies seemed to be carrying around a great deal of invisible baggage. Many scientists believe it is critical to the fabric of the universe, although some physicists disagree that it exists at all .

For those who do accept dark matter, galaxies like DF9 present a different puzzle: Why is the dark matter missing? One leading explanation is that these galaxies were forged in violent collisions between two much larger galaxies. So violent that ordinary matter would have separated from dark matter, resulting in these dark matter-devoid objects.