camelCase keeps the first word lowercase and capitalises each subsequent word with no spaces. Example: helloWorld. Used in JavaScript, Java, JSON.

snake_case uses lowercase words separated by underscores. Example: hello_world. Standard in Python, Ruby, SQL.

kebab-case uses lowercase words separated by hyphens. Example: hello-world. Used in CSS, HTML, URLs.

PascalCase capitalises every word with no separator. Example: HelloWorld. Used for class names in Java, C#, TypeScript.

ROT13 rotates each letter 13 positions. It is self-inverse — applying it twice returns the original text. Used to hide spoilers online.

30+ Transformations — Free Forever

Text Case Converter

Convert any text to UPPERCASE, camelCase, snake_case, ROT13, Morse, binary, slug, and 30+ more — instantly, with one click. No signup, no limits.

100% Free Instant Results No Signup Required Developer Formats 300K+ Monthly Users 4.9 / 5 Rating

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Format Quick Reference

Format	Example	Used In
UPPERCASE	`HELLO`	Headings, const
lowercase	`hello`	General, SQL
Title Case	`Hello World`	Books, titles
Sentence	`Hello world.`	Prose
camelCase	`helloWorld`	JS, Java, JSON
PascalCase	`HelloWorld`	Classes, C#, TS
snake_case	`hello_world`	Python, SQL
kebab-case	`hello-world`	CSS, HTML, URLs
CONSTANT	`HELLO_WORLD`	Env vars, consts
dot.case	`hello.world`	Config, Java pkg
path/case	`hello/world`	Routes, paths
slug	`hello-world`	URLs, CMS, SEO
ROT13	`uryyb`	Obfuscation
Morse	`.... .`	Radio, puzzles
Binary	`01001000`	CS, encoding
Hex	`48 65`	Low-level, debug

Which Case per Language?

JavaScript / TypeScript Variables & functions → camelCase
Classes → PascalCase
Constants → CONSTANT_CASE
CSS classes → kebab-case

Python (PEP 8) Variables & functions → snake_case
Classes → PascalCase
Constants → CONSTANT_CASE

Java / C# / Kotlin Variables → camelCase
Classes & interfaces → PascalCase
Constants → CONSTANT_CASE

SQL / PostgreSQL Tables & columns → snake_case

CSS / HTML Classes & IDs → kebab-case

URLs / SEO Always → kebab-case slug

Go / Rust Variables → snake_case
Types → PascalCase
Constants → CONSTANT_CASE

PHP / Laravel Variables → camelCase
Classes → PascalCase
DB columns → snake_case

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How to Use the Case Converter

Three ways to transform your text — pick whichever fits your workflow.

Paste Your Text

Type or paste any text into the input box above — a sentence, variable name, title, paragraph, or even camelCase code.

Preview or Submit

Click any chip (UPPER, camelCase, snake_case…) for an instant live preview, or click "Generate All 30+ Transformations" for the full result set.

Copy & Export

Hit the Copy button next to any result, use Copy All Results for everything, or download a .TXT file with all 30+ transformations.

Why Use Our Case Converter?

The most comprehensive free text transformation tool online — 30+ formats for writers, developers, SEO professionals, and students.

30+ Formats at Once

All transformations are applied and displayed simultaneously — switch between Basic, Programmer, Encode, and Clean categories with one click.

Full Developer Suite

camelCase, PascalCase, snake_case, kebab-case, CONSTANT_CASE, dot.case, path/case, and URL slug — all generated from a single input.

Encode & Cipher

ROT13, Morse code, 8-bit binary, hexadecimal, Zalgo glitch text — encode and obfuscate text in seconds for any purpose.

10+ Text Cleaners

Strip HTML, remove duplicates, clean spaces, escape HTML, sort lines, trim whitespace, extract numbers — all clean-up tools in one place.

Live Preview Chips

Quick-convert chips instantly preview your text in any format before you submit — no round-trip needed to explore common formats.

Text Statistics

Every result page shows word count, character count, unique words, sentence count, and average word length in the stats bar.

Export All Results

Copy all results as structured JSON, or download a formatted TXT file containing every transformation — great for documentation.

Conversion History

Logged-in users get a personal history of their last 5 conversions — making it easy to revisit previous text transformations.

All 30+ Transformations Explained

Every text format our converter supports — with input/output examples and real-world use cases.

Category	Format	Input Example	Output	Best Used For
📝 Basic	UPPERCASE	Hello World	`HELLO WORLD`	Headings, constants, emphasis
📝 Basic	lowercase	Hello World	`hello world`	Normalising text, SQL keywords
📝 Basic	Title Case (Standard)	hello world	`Hello World`	Article titles, book names
📝 Basic	Title Case (Smart)	the art of war	`The Art of War`	AP/Chicago style, editorial
📝 Basic	Sentence case	hello. how are you.	`Hello. How are you.`	Normal prose, essays, articles
📝 Basic	Capitalize First	hello world	`Hello world`	Proper-name style capitalisation
📝 Basic	aLtErNaTiNg	Hello World	`hElLo wOrLd`	Meme text, mockery, sarcasm
📝 Basic	iNVERSE sWAP	Hello World	`hELLO wORLD`	Stylistic toggle, inversion
💻 Prog	camelCase	Hello World	`helloWorld`	JavaScript, Java, JSON keys
💻 Prog	PascalCase	Hello World	`HelloWorld`	Class names, React, C#, Swift
💻 Prog	snake_case	Hello World	`hello_world`	Python, Ruby, SQL, file names
💻 Prog	kebab-case	Hello World	`hello-world`	CSS, HTML attrs, URLs
💻 Prog	CONSTANT_CASE	Hello World	`HELLO_WORLD`	Constants, env variables, macros
💻 Prog	dot.case	Hello World	`hello.world`	Config files, Java packages
💻 Prog	path/case	Hello World	`hello/world`	File paths, URL routing segments
💻 Prog	URL Slug	Hello World! 2024	`hello-world-2024`	SEO URLs, CMS slugs, permalinks
🔐 Encode	Reverse Text	Hello	`olleH`	Mirror text, word puzzles
🔐 Encode	Reverse Words	Hello World	`World Hello`	Word-order games, puzzles
🔐 Encode	ROT13	Hello	`Uryyb`	Spoilers, forum obfuscation
🔐 Encode	Zalgo / Glitch	Hello	`H̀ȅl̀l̂o`	Creepy aesthetic, social media
🔐 Encode	Morse Code	Hi	`.... ..`	Radio comms, escape rooms
🔐 Encode	Binary (8-bit)	Hi	`01001000 01101001`	CS education, low-level encoding
🔐 Encode	Hexadecimal	Hi	`48 69`	Debugging, hex editors, encoding
🧹 Clean	Strip HTML Tags	<b>Hi</b>	`Hi`	Cleaning scraped web content
🧹 Clean	Remove Extra Spaces	Hi there	`Hi there`	Fix copy-paste whitespace issues
🧹 Clean	HTML Escape	<script>	`<script>`	Safe template output
🧹 Clean	HTML Unescape	&	`&`	Decoding HTML entities
🧹 Clean	Remove Punctuation	Hello, World!	`Hello World`	NLP preprocessing
🧹 Clean	Remove Numbers	Order 4521	`Order`	Strip numeric data
🧹 Clean	Numbers Only	Order #4521 due	`4521`	Extract numeric values
🧹 Clean	Remove Vowels	Hello World	`Hll Wrld`	Abbreviations, shorthand
🧹 Clean	Vowels Only	Hello World	`eo o`	Linguistics, phonetics
🧹 Clean	Remove Duplicates	the the cat	`the cat`	Deduplication, text cleaning
🧹 Clean	Sort Lines A→Z	Banana↵Apple	`Apple↵Banana`	Sorting lists, alphabetising
🧹 Clean	Reverse Lines	Line1↵Line2	`Line2↵Line1`	Reverse log order, flip lists
🧹 Clean	Trim Lines	Hi	`Hi`	Clean padded text from exports
🧹 Clean	Char Frequency	Hello World	`"l": 3, "o": 2…`	Cryptanalysis, frequency analysis

camelCase vs snake_case — Which to Use?

The two most widely used programmer naming conventions are camelCase and snake_case. Choosing correctly matters — most codebases enforce one via linting rules, and mixing them is a style violation.

camelCase is the standard in JavaScript, TypeScript, Java, Swift, Dart, and Kotlin. Variable names like getUserById, JSON API keys, React props, and most browser APIs follow camelCase. The first word is always lowercase.

snake_case dominates in Python (PEP 8 mandate), Ruby, Go, Rust, PostgreSQL, and C. Django model fields, database columns like created_at, and environment variable names all use snake_case. Our converter intelligently detects camelCase input and splits on case boundaries before converting.

Why SEO Slugs Must Use kebab-case

Google treats hyphens in URLs as word separators, making my-page-title readable as "my page title". Underscores are treated as single tokens, meaning Google sees my_page_title as one word — a confirmed SEO disadvantage.

Our slug generator automatically strips special characters, normalises consecutive hyphens, removes leading/trailing hyphens, lowercases everything, and handles accented characters — producing a clean, SEO-ready URL slug from any title.

Good SEO slugs are short (3–5 words), contain the primary keyword, and avoid stop words like "the", "a", "and". For example, "10 Best React Performance Tips for 2024" → react-performance-tips-2024.

Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions about text case conversion, naming conventions, and our tool.

What is the difference between camelCase and PascalCase?

Both eliminate spaces and capitalise each word boundary, but camelCase keeps the first word lowercase (helloWorld), while PascalCase capitalises every word including the first (HelloWorld). camelCase is used for variables and functions; PascalCase for class names, constructors, and React components.

What is the difference between Standard and Smart Title Case?

Standard title case capitalises every word. Smart Title Case follows AP, Chicago, and MLA style guides by keeping short articles (a, an, the), prepositions (in, on, at, of, for), and coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or) lowercase — unless they are the first or last word. Example: "The Art of War" not "The Art Of War".

What is ROT13 and why would I use it?

ROT13 substitutes each letter with the one 13 positions later in the alphabet (wrapping around). Since the alphabet has 26 letters, applying ROT13 twice returns the original text — making it a self-inverse cipher. It is used in online communities to hide spoilers, puzzle answers, and mildly offensive content behind a reversible encoding.

Why does Google prefer kebab-case URLs?

Google treats hyphens as word separators, so my-product-name is interpreted as three separate, searchable words. Underscores are not treated as word separators, meaning my_product_name is seen as a single token. For SEO purposes, always use lowercase kebab-case slugs in your URLs.

Can I convert existing camelCase or PascalCase text?

Yes — our converter detects camelCase and PascalCase input by inserting split points at case boundaries before processing. For example, getUserByIdAndEmail correctly becomes get_user_by_id_and_email in snake_case rather than one long lowercase word.

What is CONSTANT_CASE and when should I use it?

CONSTANT_CASE (also called SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE) is all uppercase letters with words separated by underscores. It is the universal convention for named constants, environment variables, and configuration keys in virtually every programming language — e.g. MAX_RETRY_COUNT, DATABASE_URL, API_SECRET_KEY.

What is Zalgo / glitch text?

Zalgo text adds Unicode combining diacritical marks (accent characters that stack above and below letters) to create a distorted, glitchy appearance. The name comes from an internet meme. Our implementation adds a mild layer of combining marks — enough for a glitch aesthetic without making text completely unreadable.

Does this work for non-English or accented characters?

Basic case conversions (UPPER, lower, Title, Sentence) work for most European languages with accented characters via Python's built-in Unicode case handling. Programmer formats and encoding tools (Morse, Binary, Hex, ROT13) are optimised for ASCII/Latin text. The slug generator handles accented characters by stripping them for clean URL-safe output.

Pro Tips for Naming Conventions

Quick rules from experienced developers and style guide editors.

🔵 API Design

REST API response fields should use camelCase for JSON (JS default) or snake_case for Python/Ruby APIs. Pick one and enforce it across all endpoints — inconsistency is the #1 source of API bugs.

🟢 Database Columns

Always use snake_case for database column names. SQL is case-insensitive and many databases (PostgreSQL, MySQL) fold unquoted identifiers to lowercase — created_at, user_id, order_total.

🟣 Environment Variables

Environment variables are universally CONSTANT_CASE across all platforms and languages. Examples: DATABASE_URL, API_SECRET_KEY, NODE_ENV. This is the one truly universal convention.

🔵 URL & SEO Slugs

Google recommends kebab-case slugs under 60 characters including the domain. Keep only essential keywords, omit articles and prepositions. best-react-hooks-2024 outperforms the-best-react-hooks-for-2024.

🟡 File & Folder Names

Use kebab-case for web project files (user-profile.tsx) and snake_case for Python modules (user_profile.py). Avoid spaces and capitals in filenames — they cause issues on Linux servers.

🩷 CSS & Design Tokens

CSS custom properties (variables) follow kebab-case: --primary-color, --font-size-lg. Tailwind utility classes are kebab-case. SCSS variables use kebab-case too. Design tokens in tools like Style Dictionary can auto-convert between formats.

Who Uses Our Case Converter?

300,000+ professionals, students, and developers use our tool every month.

💻

Software Developers

Convert variable names between camelCase, snake_case, and PascalCase when refactoring code or switching between languages. Generate consistent API field names from human-readable descriptions instantly.

🔍

SEO Professionals

Generate clean, keyword-rich URL slugs from article titles in seconds. Ensure meta titles use proper title case. Apply consistent heading capitalisation across large content libraries.

📝

Content Writers

Apply consistent title case to article headings following editorial style guides, clean pasted text with extra spaces or stray HTML tags, and fix inconsistent capitalisation across drafts.

🎨

UI/UX Designers

Generate consistent CSS class names and design token names in kebab-case. Ensure naming conventions are uniform across design systems and Figma component libraries.

🎓

Students & Educators

Learn programming naming conventions interactively, explore Morse code and binary for CS assignments, and experiment with ROT13 and hexadecimal encoding in cryptography classes.

🗂️

Data Analysts

Normalise CSV column names into snake_case for database import, extract numbers from mixed-format text fields, remove duplicate words from messy data, and sort line-separated lists.