Tawaf is the act of circumambulating the Kaaba in Masjid Al-Haram, Mecca, seven times counterclockwise. It is a central obligatory rite of both Hajj and Umrah and one of the most sacred acts in Islam. Each circuit begins and ends at the Black Stone.

How many rounds are in Tawaf?

Tawaf consists of exactly 7 complete circuits around the Kaaba. After completing all 7, the pilgrim prays 2 Rakahs at or near Maqam Ibrahim (Station of Ibrahim), then drinks Zamzam water.

What is Istilam of the Black Stone?

Istilam is the act of greeting the Black Stone (Hajar Al-Aswad) at the start of each Tawaf circuit. If possible, touch and kiss it. If not (due to crowds), face it, raise your right hand and say Bismillah, Allahu Akbar. This is Sunnah at the start of every round.

What is the Hateem and why must I go around it?

The Hateem (Hijr Ismail) is the semicircular area adjacent to the Kaaba enclosed by a low wall. It was originally part of the Kaaba but excluded during rebuilding. Since it is considered part of the Kaaba, Tawaf must be performed outside it — walking through it invalidates that circuit.

What is Raml in Tawaf?

Raml is the Sunnah of walking briskly with the chest out and shoulders back during the first 3 circuits of Tawaf Al-Qudum (arrival Tawaf for Hajj). It was introduced to demonstrate the physical fitness of the early Muslims to the Quraysh. It applies only to men and only in the first 3 rounds.

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Tawaf & Sa'i — Complete Guide

دليل الطواف والسعي الكامل

A complete step-by-step guide to performing Tawaf (circumambulation of the Holy Kaaba) and Sa'i (walking between Safa and Marwa), with all duas, rulings, and scholarly guidance for Hajj and Umrah.

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7 Circuits

Tawaf = 7 complete circuits around the Kaaba, starting and ending at the Black Stone.

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Counter-Clockwise

Always keep the Kaaba on your LEFT. Walk counter-clockwise when viewed from above.

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Wudu Required

Full ritual purity (Wudu) is required for Tawaf. Tawaf without Wudu is invalid.

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Sa'i — 7 Walks

7 trips between Safa and Marwa. Starts at Safa, ends at Marwa after the 7th trip.

⚠️ Tawaf Prerequisites & Conditions

🔴 Obligatory Conditions

1.Full ritual purity (Wudu) — Tawaf is invalid without it
2.Body and clothing must be clean (Tahara)
3.Awrah must be properly covered throughout
4.Complete 7 full circuits — any shortfall must be made up
5.Kaaba must always be on your LEFT
6.Must be performed inside Masjid Al-Haram boundaries
7.Tawaf must be continuous (no long unjustified interruption)
8.Must start from the Black Stone (Hajar Al-Aswad)
9.Women in menstruation must wait until pure

✦ Recommended Sunnah Acts

✦Raml (brisk pace) in first 3 circuits — men only in Tawaf Al-Qudum
✦Idtiba (bare right shoulder) — men only in Tawaf Al-Qudum
✦Kiss or touch the Black Stone at start of each circuit
✦Touch the Yemeni Corner with right hand each circuit
✦Pray 2 Rakat behind Maqam Ibrahim after Tawaf
✦Drink Zamzam water after the 2 Rakat
✦Engage in plentiful dhikr and dua throughout
✦Return to kiss Black Stone after 2 Rakat (if possible)

🕋 Tawaf — Step by Step

Niyyah (Intention) Wajib

نِيَّةُ الطَّوَافِ

Make a sincere intention in your heart to perform Tawaf for the sake of Allah. Niyyah is in the heart — saying it verbally is permissible but not required. Specify which Tawaf you are performing (Umrah, Ifadah, Qudum, or Wida).

Intention for Tawaf

اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ الطَّوَافَ بِبَيْتِكَ الْحَرَامِ فَيَسِّرْهُ لِي وَتَقَبَّلْهُ مِنِّي

Allahumma inni uridu al-tawafa bi-baytikal-haram fa-yassirhu li wa taqabbalhu minni

"O Allah, I intend to perform Tawaf around Your Sacred House, so make it easy for me and accept it from me."

Idtiba — Men Only in Tawaf Al-Qudum Sunnah

الِاضْطِبَاع

For Tawaf Al-Qudum only, men place the upper Ihram cloth under the right armpit, leaving the right shoulder bare. The left shoulder remains covered. Maintain this for the entire Tawaf. After completing Tawaf and before the 2 Rakat, restore the Ihram to cover both shoulders. Women never perform Idtiba.

Istilam — Facing the Black Stone Wajib

اسْتِلَامُ الحَجَرِ الأَسْوَد

Position yourself so the entire Black Stone is on your right. Face it directly. If possible, kiss it. If not, touch it with your right hand. If neither is possible due to crowds, simply point your right hand toward it and say the Takbir. Pointing is fully sufficient — DO NOT push or harm others to reach the Stone.

Upon kissing or pointing to the Black Stone — said at the start of EVERY circuit

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ

Bismillah, Allahu Akbar

"In the name of Allah. Allah is the Greatest."

Circuits 1–3: Raml for Men Sunnah

الرَّمَل

In the first THREE circuits of Tawaf Al-Qudum only, men perform Raml — brisk walking with short, quick steps (similar to a jog). This shows strength. Walk at normal pace in circuits 4–7. Women always walk normally. Raml is only for Tawaf Al-Qudum, not other types of Tawaf.

Between the Yemeni Corner and the Black Stone — said in EVERY circuit

رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ

Rabbana atina fid-dunya hasanatan wa fil-akhirati hasanatan wa qina 'adhaban-nar

"Our Lord, give us good in this world and good in the Hereafter, and protect us from the torment of the Fire." (Quran 2:201)

There are no mandatory fixed duas for each circuit. Recite any dua, Quran, or dhikr you know. The Prophet ﷺ said: "Make Tawaf and Sa'i filled with the remembrance of Allah."

The Yemeni Corner (Al-Rukn Al-Yamani)

الرُّكْن الْيَمَانِي

Before the Black Stone in each circuit, you pass the Yemeni Corner. Touch it with your right hand (or both hands) — do NOT kiss it. If unable to reach it, walk past without gesturing. The stretch from the Yemeni Corner to the Black Stone is particularly blessed for dua. Recite Rabbana atina here in every circuit.

IMPORTANT: Walk Around the Hateem (Hijr Ismail) Wajib

الحِجْر — الحَطِيم

The Hateem (Hijr Ismail) is the semicircular wall on the northwest side of the Kaaba. This area is PART of the original Kaaba — you MUST walk completely around it, NOT through it. Walking through the Hateem means you walked inside the Kaaba, which invalidates that circuit. Always walk outside the white semicircular wall.

The Hateem is a common source of Tawaf invalidation for first-timers. Always keep the entire semicircular wall to your left — walk all the way around the outside.

Complete 7 Full Circuits Wajib

إِتْمَام سَبْعَةِ أَشْوَاط

Continue performing circuits. Each passing of the Black Stone completes one circuit. Keep count carefully: if unsure between 6 and 7, assume 6 and perform one more. After your 7th circuit, you stop when you reach the Black Stone line. The Tawaf is now complete.

At the Black Stone — end of each completed circuit

اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ

Allahu Akbar

"Allah is the Greatest." — Said each time you align with the Black Stone to mark completion of each circuit.

2 Rakat Behind Maqam Ibrahim Wajib

صَلَاةُ رَكْعَتَيْن عِنْدَ مَقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيم

After Tawaf, pray 2 Rakat as close to Maqam Ibrahim as possible (the station where Ibrahim ﷺ stood when building the Kaaba). If crowds prevent this, pray anywhere inside Masjid Al-Haram. In Rakat 1 after Al-Fatiha recite Surah Al-Kafirun; in Rakat 2 recite Surah Al-Ikhlas. If wearing Idtiba, restore Ihram to cover both shoulders first.

Recite upon approaching Maqam Ibrahim

وَاتَّخِذُوا مِن مَّقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مُصَلًّى

Wattakhidhu min maqami Ibrahima musalla

"And take from the standing place of Ibrahim a place of prayer." (Quran 2:125)

Drink Zamzam Water Sunnah

شُرْب مَاء زَمْزَم

After the 2 Rakat, go to the Zamzam stations and drink your fill. Sunnah: stand while drinking, face the Qibla, say Bismillah, drink in 3 breaths, and make dua. The Prophet ﷺ said: "The water of Zamzam is for whatever it is drunk for." (Ibn Majah) — make a dua for health, knowledge, provision, or whatever you need.

Dua when drinking Zamzam

اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ عِلْمًا نَافِعًا وَرِزْقًا وَاسِعًا وَشِفَاءً مِن كُلِّ دَاءٍ

Allahumma inni as'aluka 'ilman nafi'an wa rizqan wasi'an wa shifa'an min kulli da'

"O Allah, I ask You for beneficial knowledge, abundant provision, and cure from every illness."

🏃 Sa'i — Safa & Marwa Complete Guide

📖 What is Sa'i?

Sa'i (السَّعْي) means walking 7 times between Safa (الصَّفَا) and Marwa (الْمَرْوَة). It commemorates Sayyidah Hajar ﷟ — wife of Prophet Ibrahim ﷺ — who ran between these hills searching for water for her infant Ismail ﷺ. Sa'i is a RUKN (pillar) of Hajj and Umrah — omitting it invalidates the worship. Sa'i begins at SAFA and ends at MARWA after the 7th trip.

Proceed to Safa — Sa'i Must Start Here Wajib

الصَّفَا — بِدَايَة السَّعْي

After Tawaf and 2 Rakat and Zamzam, proceed to the Sa'i walkway (Mas'a). Walk to Safa, climb or ascend it, and face the Kaaba direction. Allah says in the Quran: "Indeed, Safa and Marwa are among the Signs of Allah. So whoever makes Hajj or Umrah, there is no blame on him for walking between them." (2:158)

Upon FIRST approaching Safa (say this only the first time)

إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِن شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ، أَبْدَأُ بِمَا بَدَأَ اللَّهُ بِهِ

Innas-Safa wal-Marwata min sha'a'irillah. Abda'u bima bada-Allahu bih

"Indeed, Safa and Marwa are among the Signs of Allah. I begin with what Allah began with." (Muslim)

At Safa facing the Kaaba — repeat 3 times at both Safa AND Marwa each visit

لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّٰهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِير، لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّٰهُ وَحْدَهُ، أَنجَزَ وَعْدَهُ، وَنَصَرَ عَبْدَهُ، وَهَزَمَ الأَحْزَابَ وَحْدَهُ

La ilaha illallahu wahdahu la sharika lah, lahul-mulku wa lahul-hamdu, yuhyi wa yumitu wa huwa 'ala kulli shay'in qadir. La ilaha illallahu wahdahu, anjaza wa'dahu, wa nasara 'abdahu, wa hazamal-ahzaba wahdah

"There is no god but Allah alone, without partner; to Him belongs all dominion and all praise; He gives life and causes death and He has power over all things. There is no god but Allah alone; He fulfilled His promise, gave victory to His servant, and defeated the parties alone." (Muslim) — Make any personal dua between repetitions.

Walk to Marwa — Trip 1 (and trips 3, 5, 7)

السَّعْي مِنَ الصَّفَا إِلَى الْمَرْوَة

Descend from Safa and walk toward Marwa. Between the two GREEN LIGHTS (or green markers), MEN should jog/run briskly. Women always walk at a normal pace. This honors Hajar ﷟ who ran in this valley (wadi) searching for water. After passing the second green marker, resume normal walking until you reach Marwa. Ascend Marwa and make the same dua facing the Kaaba.

General dua during the walking/jogging portion (between Safa and Marwa)

رَبِّ اغْفِرْ وَارْحَمْ، إِنَّكَ أَنتَ الأَعَزُّ الأَكْرَم

Rabbighfir warham, innaka antal-a'azzul-akram

"My Lord, forgive and have mercy. Indeed, You are the Most Mighty, the Most Generous." — Or recite any dua you know.

Walk back from Marwa to Safa — Trips 2, 4, 6

السَّعْي مِنَ الْمَرْوَة إِلَى الصَّفَا

After completing the dua at Marwa, walk back to Safa. Again, men jog between the green markers. Reaching Safa completes another trip. Repeat the dua at Safa. Continue alternating between Safa and Marwa.

Sa'i counting: Safa→Marwa = trip 1 | Marwa→Safa = trip 2 | Safa→Marwa = trip 3 | ... | Safa→Marwa = trip 7. Trips end at MARWA.

Complete the 7th Trip — Ending at Marwa Wajib

الانْتِهَاء عِنْدَ الْمَرْوَة

The 7th trip goes from SAFA to MARWA. Sa'i ends at MARWA. After arriving at Marwa for the final time, make dua and praise Allah. Sa'i is complete. The Mas'a (Sa'i walkway) is divided into lanes — use the designated lane direction for each trip to avoid confusion.

Final dua at Marwa upon completing Sa'i

اللَّهُمَّ تَقَبَّلْ مِنَّا، إِنَّكَ أَنتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيم

Allahumma taqabbal minna, innaka antas-Sami'ul-'Alim

"O Allah, accept from us. Indeed, You are the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing." (Quran 2:127)

Halq or Taqsir — Exiting Ihram Wajib (Umrah)

الحَلْق أَو التَّقْصِير

After Sa'i in Umrah, the Ihram state ends with hair cutting. Men: Halq (shave entire head — strongly preferred) or Taqsir (cut at least 1cm from all parts of head). Women: Cut a finger-length (~2.5cm) from the ends of all hair sections — DO NOT shave the head. This completes the Umrah and exits Ihram.

Dua during hair cutting

اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِلْمُحَلِّقِينَ، اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِلْمُحَلِّقِينَ، اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِلْمُحَلِّقِينَ وَالْمُقَصِّرِين

Allahumma-ghfir lil-muhalliqqin (×3), Allahumma-ghfir lil-muhalliqqina wal-muqassirin

"O Allah, forgive those who shave (×3), O Allah, forgive those who shave and those who cut short." — The Prophet ﷺ prayed for shavers 3 times and trimmers once. (Bukhari & Muslim)

📋 Types of Tawaf

🔷 6 Types of Tawaf in Islamic Fiqh

1.Tawaf Al-Qudum (Arrival) — Sunnah Muakkadah for those entering from outside Meeqat. Performed upon first arrival in Mecca.
2.Tawaf Al-Ifadah / Al-Ziyarah (Pillar of Hajj) — Rukn — must be done on or after 10 Dhul Hijjah. Omitting it invalidates Hajj entirely.
3.Tawaf Al-Umrah — Rukn of Umrah. The main Tawaf performed during Umrah.
4.Tawaf Al-Wida (Farewell) — Wajib. The last act before leaving Mecca after Hajj.
5.Tawaf Al-Nafl (Voluntary) — Highly recommended anytime in Masjid Al-Haram. Best form of worship in Mecca according to scholars.
6.Tawaf Al-Tahiyyah (Greeting) — Substitutes the 2-Rakat greeting prayer when entering Masjid Al-Haram.

❌ Common Mistakes to Avoid

❌ Mistakes in Tawaf

✗Walking through the Hateem/Hijr Ismail — invalidates that circuit
✗Performing Tawaf without Wudu — entirely invalid
✗Miscounting circuits — always assume the lower number
✗Kissing the Yemeni Corner — touch only, never kiss
✗Women performing Raml or Idtiba
✗Pushing and harming others to reach the Black Stone
✗Praying 2 Rakat outside Masjid Al-Haram
✗Long unnecessary interruptions mid-Tawaf

❌ Mistakes in Sa'i

✗Starting Sa'i from Marwa — must start at Safa
✗Ending at Safa — must end at Marwa after 7th trip
✗Miscounting trips — each one-way walk = 1 trip
✗Women jogging between green markers
✗Performing Sa'i before valid Tawaf
✗Not facing Kaaba direction at Safa and Marwa
✗Not making Niyyah for Sa'i
✗Women shaving their heads — they only trim

🎓 Scholarly Notes & Fatwas

📚Wudu for Sa'i: Majority opinion (Shafi'i, Maliki, Hanbali) — Wudu is not required for Sa'i but strongly recommended. Hanafi madhab considers it obligatory.
📚Upper floor Tawaf: Valid and fully accepted. (Permanent Committee Fatwa, Saudi Arabia). Particularly useful during peak times.
📚Wheelchair Tawaf: Fully valid. The person being pushed also performs valid Tawaf, and the helper's Tawaf is valid too.
📚Black Stone pointing: Pointing the right hand toward the Stone while saying Allahu Akbar is completely sufficient. No need to push anyone.
📚Wudu breaking mid-Tawaf: Most scholars: renew Wudu and resume from where you stopped. Long delay = restart from beginning (to be safe).
📚Talking during Tawaf: Permissible for necessity. Tawaf time is best used for dhikr and dua, not idle conversation.
📚Tawaf by proxy: Valid to perform Tawaf and Sa'i on behalf of a sick, elderly, or deceased person with the intention for them.

❓ Frequently Asked Questions

Can I perform Tawaf on behalf of someone else?

Yes. Make the intention (niyyah) for the person you are performing it for. This is established in the Sunnah for the sick, elderly, or deceased.

What if I break Wudu during Tawaf?

Stop, renew Wudu, and according to most scholars resume from where you stopped. If considerable time passed, restart the Tawaf from the beginning to be safe.

Is Tawaf Al-Wida required if leaving same day as Hajj?

Tawaf Al-Wida is wajib for departing pilgrims regardless of timing. Women in menstruation are excused from Tawaf Al-Wida specifically, but NOT from Tawaf Al-Ifadah.

Can Tawaf and Sa'i be done at different times?

Yes, there is no strict time requirement between Tawaf and Sa'i as long as Sa'i follows a valid Tawaf. However, it is Sunnah to perform Sa'i soon after Tawaf and the 2 Rakat.

What is the minimum distance from Kaaba for Tawaf?

There is no minimum or maximum distance. You may perform Tawaf at any distance from the Kaaba, including upper floors, as long as the Kaaba remains on your left throughout.

Is the order — Tawaf before Sa'i — strictly required?

Yes. Sa'i must follow Tawaf. In Umrah: Tawaf → 2 Rakat → Zamzam → Sa'i → Hair cut. This order is based on the Prophet's ﷺ practice.