Complete Guide to Islamic Inheritance (Mirath / Faraid) 2025
Mirath (Arabic: المِيرَاث) or Faraid is the Islamic system of estate distribution defined in Quran Surah An-Nisa (4:11–12). It specifies precise mathematical shares for each category of heir, ensuring equitable distribution based on family relationships and financial obligations.
Three Deductions Before Inheritance
Before any heir receives a share, three obligations must be satisfied in order: (1) Funeral and burial expenses of the deceased, (2) All outstanding debts — these are a trust upon the estate, (3) Any valid Wasiyyah (bequest) up to one-third of the remaining estate.
Categories of Heirs
Islamic law recognises three main categories: (1) Ashab al-Furud — those with fixed Quranic shares such as spouses, daughters, parents and sisters, (2) Asabah — residuary heirs (typically sons and fathers) who inherit what remains after fixed shares, and (3) Dhawil Arham — distant relatives who inherit only if no closer heirs exist.
The Wasiyyah (Bequest) Rule
A deceased Muslim may bequeath up to one-third of their net estate to anyone who is not already a legal Faraid heir. This one-third limit protects the inheritance rights of legal heirs. A Wasiyyah to a legal heir is not valid without the consent of all other heirs (majority scholarly opinion).